1.Polyimide-Introduction
Polyimide yog ib hom kev ua haujlwm siab polymer cov khoom nrog imide nplhaib raws li nws cov qauv kev ua. Nws cov leeg pob zeb roj muab nws cov khoom siv zoo heev. Nws tseem yog qhov kub-tiv taus polymer. Nws feem ntau yog tswj nws lub cev lub cev lub cev ntawm 550 degree rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tuaj yeem siv rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm ze li 330 degree. Kev lag luam ntawm polyimide cob muaj keeb kwm ntawm ib nrab xyoo. Raws li lub matrix ntawm engineering plastics thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kab thev naus laus zis.
Polyimide muaj hluav taws xob zoo heev, corrosion tsis kam, siab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj kub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab dielectric cov yam ntxwv. Nws yog lub npe hu ua peb "caj dab caj dab" polymer cov ntaub ntawv uas txwv kev lag luam highch-tech kev lag luam hauv kuv lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov fiber roj fiber thiab aramid fiber. Cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo ntawm PI qeb siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab xws li kev thauj mus los, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev ua tub rog Cov.
2. Kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm PI nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
Kev loj hlob ntawm polyimide (PI) polymers pib xyoo 1908. Bogert thiab Fedshaw li al. Npaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab pi los ntawm Melt Polycondensens ua, tab sis nws kev ua haujlwm tau ua tsis zoo, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab daim ntawv thov tau txwv. Nws tsis tau mus txog xyoo 1955 uas dupont ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas thov rau thawj daim ntawv patent ntawm daim ntawv thov PI. Xyoo 1961, dupont tsim cov ntxhiab Pi Zaj duab xis Khoom Kapton® thiab tau paub txog qhov kev lag luam ntawm PI. Xyoo 1964, nws ua tiav kev tsim Vespel® moulding compound thiab pyre ml® cov tshuaj vanish. Xyoo 1964, Asmeskas cov tuam txhab roj av roj tsim PI varnish rau rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob. Xyoo 1978, Ube Kev Lag Luam, Ltd. Xyoo 1982, General Electric tuam txhab ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tsim lub Thermoplastic PI Khoom Muag Max. Xyoo 1984, Kaneka Tshuaj ntawm Nyij Pooj tsim cov kab ua yeeb yaj kiab ntau lawm. Xyoo 1994, Nyij Pondui Tshuaj Tsim Kev Tsim Aurum®, ib thermoplastic PI Moulding compound. Thaum ntxov 21st caug xyoo, Nyij Porsubishi roj tsim ib qho tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab pi zaj duab xis. Xyoo 2005, Kaus Lim Kauslim lub SKC tau tsim cov kab ntau lawm, thiab xyoo 2008, nws tau tsim kev sib koom ua ke nrog kolon kom tshwj xeeb hauv PI zaj duab xis ntau lawm. Ib qho ntxiv, German Evonik thiab Belgian Solvay kuj nyob ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov teb ntawm cov fibers thiab txheej.
Kuv lub teb chaws pib kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho PI hauv 1960, feem ntau yog kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab insulating thiab enameled xaim xim. Cov koom haum pib tshaj plaws yog qee qhov kev tshawb fawb thoob tebchaws, suav nrog lub koom haum hloov pauv hloov tshiab (ChanHhai lub koom haum ntawm cov resins), Guilin Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb:, Guilin Ltd. (Guilin Institute ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob), thiab lwm yam. Lub diphenyl ether Dianhydride / Diphenyl ether ua yeeb yam ntawm cov resins tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam siab thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev lag luam rog. Changchun lub koom haum siv Chermorophthalic anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride anhydride Xyoo 1970, Chengdu University of Science thiab Technology (tam sim no Sichuan University) nqa tawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating.
Los ntawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab, kev tshawb nrhiav chaw, thiab cov lag luam ntiag tug tau koom nrog hauv PI kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob. Xyoo 2001, Taiwan Dami Technology Tested tus thawj Pi zaj duab xis ntau lawm kab; Xyoo 2010, rupihuaatai pi zaj duab xis tsim kab dhau lawm txoj kev lees txais, dhau los ua thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb PI ua yeeb yaj kiab rau tus tswv ywj pheej thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ntau cov pi zaj duab xis, fiber ntau, slurry thiab lwm cov tuam txhab ntau lawm tau tawm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm Sino-Asmeskas Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam xws li Tuam Tshoj Hauv Tebchaws R & D thiab tsim khoom tshiab Cov qauv kev txhim kho.
3. Polyimide-kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb
PI yog HeterCyclic polymer muaj ib pab neeg muaj ib pab pawg (-r-co-nh- co-nh- co-nh- PI muaj kev kub ntxhov siab (thermal decomposition kub tshaj lossis sib npaug} {17}} {}} kev kawm ntev), thiab lub sijhawm ntev siv ntau mus txog -200 ~ 3 0 0 degree; Lub thermal expansion coefficient tsuas yog 10-5} ~ 10-7 {13}}; Tus dielectric tas li yog 4.0 ntawm 1000hz, lub dienrictric tsuas yog 0.004 ~ 0.007, thiab lub ntim ntawm F ~ H Qib Rwb thaiv tsev; Lub zog tensile yog 100 ~ 400 mpa, thiab fiber ntau modulus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500gpa, thib ob tsuas yog rau carbon fiber (700gpa); Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov radiation reachistance, nplaim retardancy thiab tus kheej-extinguishing, thiab biocompatibility. Cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm PI qib nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm pyramid ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab polymer.
Kev ua haujlwm siab polymer khoom siv
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm polyimide tuaj yeem yog sau ua ke raws li hauv qab no:
(1) thermal decomposition kub
Rau tag nrho cov ntxhiab polyimide, raws li cov ntsuas kub siab, raws li qhov pib disciposition kub feem ntau feem ntau ib puag ncig 500 degree. Lub thermal decomposition kub ntawm polyimide synthesized los ntawm biphenyl dianhydride thiab p-phenylenediams txog 600 degree nrog lub siab tshaj plaws thermal stability rau hnub tim.
(2) Cov Kub Kub Kub Kuj
Cov kev kub siab kuj nce mus txog saum toj 400 degree, thiab lub sijhawm ntev siv kub yog}} mus rau 300 degree, tsis muaj tseeb yaj yaj.
(3) Kev kub hnyav tsis kam
Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kub tsawg, xws li kua hydrogen ntawm qhov kub ntawm 4K (-269 degree) tsis muaj nkev tawg.
(4) Cov Khoom Siv Neeg Kho Tshuab
Lub zog tensile ntawm unfilled plastics yog saum 100mpa, cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm biphenyl polyimide (upileX-s) ncav 530mpa. Raws li cov tshuab yas, cov mapastic modulus feem ntau yog 3 ~ 4GPA. Cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau tshaj tawm tias lub zog ntawm cov fibers spun los ntawm copolymerized polyimized thiab cov modulus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 220 ~ 340gpa. Raws li cov kev suav theoretical, cov modulus ntawm polyimalide synthesized synthesized synthesized los ntawm phurylenedized synthesIrride thiab p-phenylenediamine tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500gpa, thib ob tsuas yog carbon fiber.
(5) Kev Ua Dej Hiav Txwv Hydrolysis Kuj
Polyimide tsis ruaj khov rau dilute acid, tab sis cov ntau yam tsis tiv taus hydrolysis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog alkaline hydrolysis. Qhov no zoo li cov cuab yeej tsis zoo muab polyimide ib qho kev ua tau zoo uas txawv ntawm lwm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm raw thiab txoj sia tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hydrolysis. Piv txwv li, rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab Kapto, tus nqi rov qab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 90%. Hloov cov qauv kuj tseem tau txais ntau yam uas tiv thaiv hydrolysis thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus 120 degree, 500h npau npau. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li lwm cov neeg muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, polyimide tsis tiv thaiv cov sulfuric acid, nitric acid thiab halogens.
(6) acid thiab cov kuab tiv thaiv
Polyimimide muaj dav dav ntawm secubility spectrum. Nyob ntawm tus qauv, qee cov ntau yam yog yuav luag tsis muaj Insoluble nyob rau hauv txhua organic cov kuab tshuaj xws li tetrahydrofuran, acetone, chloroform, thiab txawm tias Toluene thiab methanol. Zoo li lwm cov duab uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, polyimide tsis tiv thaiv cov sulfuric sulfuric acid, nitric acid, thiab Halogens.
(7) thermal expansion coefficiention
Lub thermal expansion coefficient ntawm polyimide yog nruab nrab ntawm 2x {}}}} {5}}}}, uas yog nyob rau tib theem ua hlau. Qee hom muaj peev xwm txawm mus txog 10-7 degree {8}}.
(8) Radiation Kuj
Polyimide muaj hluav taws xob siab tsis kam. Nws zaj duab xis tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm 86% ntawm nws lub zog thaum nqus tau koob tshuaj txog 5x107gy. Lub fiber ntau tseem khaws tau 90% ntawm nws lub zog tom qab tau ua rau muaj 1x108gy electrons.
(9) Dielectric cov yam ntxwv
Polyimide muaj cov khoom Dielectric heev. Tus dielectric constant ntawm dog dig cov ntxhiab tsw polyimide yog li 3.4. Los ntawm kev qhia txog cov fluorine, cov pab pawg loj lossis huab cua loj los yog huab cua tawg hauv polyimomide me me, cov ditrictric tas li yuav raug txo kom txog li 2.5. Lub dielectric ploj yog 10-3}, lub dielectric lub zog yog 100 ~ 300kv / mm, thiab lub ntim resistivity yog 1017ωωω is. Cov khoom no tseem tuaj yeem tswj qhov siab ntau dua qhov ntsuas kub thiab ntau zaus.
(10) nplaim taws retardant cov khoom
Tus kheej-extinguishing tej cuab yeej: polyimide feem ntau tsis yog tus kheej-ignite los yog kev txhawb nqa kev sib txuas, uas ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb siv nyob hauv ib puag ncig kub; Tus nqi luam yeeb tsawg: Thaum hlawv ntawm qhov kub, cov pa hluav taws xob ntawm polyimide muaj tsawg, uas yuav pab txo cov pa hluav taws thiab cov roj ntsha thaum hluav taws; Cov neeg muaj peev xwm uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua: tom qab kev kub siab ntau ntxiv, cov nqi uas muaj cov roj carbon ntau ntawm polyimide feem ntau yuav pab tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws.
(11) biosafety
Polyimide tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau yam kom tsis muaj menyuam. Qee cov polysides tseem muaj cov biocompatibility zoo. Piv txwv li, lawv tsis yog hemolytic nyob rau hauv cov ntshav sib tw kev ntsuam xyuas thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom hauv hauv vitro ctotoxicity kev ntsuam xyuas.
4. Polyimide-Khwb
Cov khoom lag luam ua qauv ntawm cov dav hlau thiab kev ua tshuab uas ua tshuab thiab cov chaw muag khoom uas yog cov khoom lag luam hauv ntau yam khoom lag luam los ua lag luam. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab pi-ntsig txog cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom moulding thiab ncaj qha rau cov khoom lag luam rau kev ua lag luam. PI cov khoom lag luam tuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, slurries, ribers, fibers, foams, foams, cov khoom siv sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam cov khoom siv.
Kev ua lag luam polyimide uas tau xav tias yog US $46 txhiab xyoo hauv 2029, nrog rau kev nce qib xyoo ntawm 6.84% thaum lub sijhawm kwv yees ({8}}).
